1. URL

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URL

Syntax https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Resource_Identifier#Syntax

URI = scheme ":" ["//" authority] path ["?" query] ["#" fragment]

authority = [userinfo "@"] host [":" port]

The URI comprises:

    A non-empty scheme component followed by a colon (:), consisting of a sequence of characters beginning with a letter and followed by any combination of letters, digits, plus (+), period (.), or hyphen (-). Although schemes are case-insensitive, the canonical form is lowercase and documents that specify schemes must do so with lowercase letters. Examples of popular schemes include http, https, ftp, mailto, file, data and irc. URI schemes should be registered with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), although non-registered schemes are used in practice.[b]

An optional authority component preceded by two slashes (//), comprising:
        An optional userinfo subcomponent that may consist of a user name and an optional password preceded by a colon (:), followed by an at symbol (@). Use of the format username:password in the userinfo subcomponent is deprecated for security reasons. Applications should not render as clear text any data after the first colon (:) found within a userinfo subcomponent unless the data after the colon is the empty string (indicating no password).
        A host subcomponent, consisting of either a registered name (including but not limited to a hostname) or an IP address. IPv4 addresses must be in dot-decimal notation, and IPv6 addresses must be enclosed in brackets ([]).[15][c]
        An optional port subcomponent preceded by a colon (:).

A path component, consisting of a sequence of path segments separated by a slash (/). 
A path is always defined for a URI, though the defined path may be empty (zero length). 
A segment may also be empty, resulting in two consecutive slashes (//) in the path component. 
A path component may resemble or map exactly to a file system path but does not always imply a relation to one. If an authority component is present, then the path component must either be empty or begin with a slash (/).
If an authority component is absent, then the path cannot begin with an empty segment – that is, with two slashes (//) – since the following characters would be interpreted as an authority component.[17]

    By convention, in http and https URIs, the last part of a path is named pathinfo and it is optional. It is composed by zero or more path segments that do not refer to an existing physical resource name (e.g. a file, an internal module program or an executable program) but to a logical part (e.g. a command or a qualifier part) that has to be passed separately to the first part of the path that identifies an executable module or program managed by a web server; this is often used to select dynamic content (a document, etc.) or to tailor it as requested (see also: CGI and PATH_INFO, etc.).